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Pope Gregory XIV
Pope Gregory XIV ((ラテン語:Gregorius XIV); 11 February 1535 – 16 October 1591), born Niccolò Sfondrato〔"" in the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', ., . 1880.〕 or Sfondrati,〔''Francesco Patrizi's Hermetic Philosophy'', Cees Leijenhorst, Gnosis and Hermeticism from Antiquity to Modern Times, ed.R. van den Broek, Wouter J. Hanegraaff, (State University of New York Press, 1998), 125.〕 was Pope from 5 December 1590 to his death in 1591.
== Early career ==
Niccolò Sfondrati was born at Somma Lombardo, then part of the Duchy of Milan, in the highest stratum of Milanese society. His mother, of the house of Visconti, died in childbirth. His father Francesco Sfondrati, a senator of the ancient comune of Milan, was created Cardinal-Priest by Pope Paul III in 1544.〔Terence Scully, ''The Opera of Bartolomeo Scappi (1570)'', (University of Toronto Press, 2008), vi.〕
In his youth he was known for his modest lifestyle and stringent piety. He studied law at Perugia and Padua, was ordained a priest and swiftly appointed Bishop of Cremona, in 1560, in time to participate in the sessions of the Council of Trent from 1561 to 1563. Pope Gregory XIII made him a Cardinal-Priest of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere on 12 December 1583. Sfondrati was a close follower of Carlo Cardinal Borromeo, and when cardinal he celebrated the Requiem Mass for Borromeo on 7 November 1584.〔(Miranda, "Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church" )〕 Sfondrati was an intimate friend and a great admirer of Philip Neri, an Italian priest who died in 1595 and was canonised in 1622.
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